L’efficacité réelle des systèmes américains THAAD face aux tirs de missiles nord-coréens

S'abonner
En dépit de belles prononcées par Donald Trump à l’encontre de Pyongyang après ses tirs de missiles balistiques, la Corée du Nord poursuit ses essais. 15 tirs ont été effectués depuis le mois de janvier. Quant aux systèmes américains THAAD et autres, sont-ils vraiment efficaces?

missile nord-coréen - Sputnik Afrique
«Probablement pas d’options» pour empêcher la Corée du Nord de développer des missiles
Les derniers tirs de missiles de Pyongyang témoignent que ses possibilités techniques s'améliorent alors que les approches politiques pour résoudre le problème s'usent.

Depuis l'inauguration de Donald Trump, qui a eu lieu en janvier 2017, le dirigeant nord-coréen multiplie le nombre de ses essais balistiques. Le plus impressionnant des 15 effectués depuis janvier a été celui du 29 août effectué en direction de la mer du Japon.

Par chaque nouveau tir d'essai Pyongyang tente de montrer au monde un progrès, même insignifiant, qu'il a fait en matière balistique. Trois jours plus tôt, la Corée du Nord a effectué des tirs nocturnes des missiles tactiques, le 4 juillet — d'une fusée de type Hwasong-14, capable selon des experts d'atteindre les côtes ouest des États-Unis. Le 29 mai, un Hwasong-6 de haute précision a été lancé. Le 6 mars, quatre missiles Hwasong-9 ont été tirés simultanément en réponse à la menace des systèmes américains THAAD.

© REUTERS / KCNANorth Korean leader Kim Jong Un inspects the long-range strategic ballistic rocket Hwasong-12 (Mars-12) in this undated photo released by North Korea's Korean Central News Agency (KCNA) on May 15, 2017.
Le dirigeant de la Corée du Nord Kim Jong-un avant le lancement du missile balistique de moyenne portée Hwasong-12. - Sputnik Afrique
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North Korean leader Kim Jong Un inspects the long-range strategic ballistic rocket Hwasong-12 (Mars-12) in this undated photo released by North Korea's Korean Central News Agency (KCNA) on May 15, 2017.
© REUTERS / KCNAThe intercontinental ballistic missile Hwasong-14 is seen during its test launch in this undated photo released by North Korea's Korean Central News Agency (KCNA) in Pyongyang, July, 4 2017. KCNA/via REUTERS ATTENTION EDITORS - THIS IMAGE WAS PROVIDED BY A THIRD PARTY. REUTERS IS UNABLE TO INDEPENDENTLY VERIFY THIS IMAGE. NO THIRD PARTY SALES. SOUTH KOREA OUT.
Le lancement du missile balistique nord-coréen Hwasong-14 - Sputnik Afrique
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The intercontinental ballistic missile Hwasong-14 is seen during its test launch in this undated photo released by North Korea's Korean Central News Agency (KCNA) in Pyongyang, July, 4 2017. KCNA/via REUTERS ATTENTION EDITORS - THIS IMAGE WAS PROVIDED BY A THIRD PARTY. REUTERS IS UNABLE TO INDEPENDENTLY VERIFY THIS IMAGE. NO THIRD PARTY SALES. SOUTH KOREA OUT.
© REUTERS / KCNANorth Korean Leader Kim Jong Un signs the order to carry out the test-fire of inter-continental ballistic rocket Hwasong-14 in this undated photo released by North Korea's Korean Central News Agency (KCNA) in Pyongyang, July, 4 2017.
Le dirigeant nord-coréen Kim Jong-un signe un décret relatif au lancement d’un missile balistique Hwasong-14. - Sputnik Afrique
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North Korean Leader Kim Jong Un signs the order to carry out the test-fire of inter-continental ballistic rocket Hwasong-14 in this undated photo released by North Korea's Korean Central News Agency (KCNA) in Pyongyang, July, 4 2017.
© AFP 2023 Nicholas KammUS President Donald Trump speaking about North Korea at a meeting with administration officials on the opioid addiction crisis at the Trump National Golf Club in Bedminster, New Jersey.
President Donald Trump said on August 9, 2017 the United States' nuclear arsenal was now "more powerful than ever before" in a fresh warning to North Korea over its missile tests. "My first order as President was to renovate and modernize our nuclear arsenal. It is now far stronger and more powerful than ever before," Trump wrote on Twitter before adding that "hopefully we will never have to use this power."
Le Président des États-Unis, Donald Trump, évoque la Corée du Nord lors d’une rencontre avec les hauts fonctionnaires de l’administration américaine au Trump National Golf Club à Bedminster, dans le New Jersey. - Sputnik Afrique
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US President Donald Trump speaking about North Korea at a meeting with administration officials on the opioid addiction crisis at the Trump National Golf Club in Bedminster, New Jersey.
President Donald Trump said on August 9, 2017 the United States' nuclear arsenal was now "more powerful than ever before" in a fresh warning to North Korea over its missile tests. "My first order as President was to renovate and modernize our nuclear arsenal. It is now far stronger and more powerful than ever before," Trump wrote on Twitter before adding that "hopefully we will never have to use this power."
© REUTERS / Danny Kelley/Courtesy U.S. NavyThe Arleigh Burke-class guided-missile destroyer USS Wayne E. Meyer transits the South China Sea on April 11, 2017. Wayne E. Meyer is on a scheduled western Pacific deployment with the Carl Vinson Carrier Strike Group as part of the U.S. Pacific Fleet-led initiative to extend the command and control functions of U.S. 3rd Fleet.
Le 58e destroyer américain de classe Arleigh Burke l’USS Wayne E. Meyer (DDG-108) en mer de Chine méridionale. - Sputnik Afrique
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The Arleigh Burke-class guided-missile destroyer USS Wayne E. Meyer transits the South China Sea on April 11, 2017. Wayne E. Meyer is on a scheduled western Pacific deployment with the Carl Vinson Carrier Strike Group as part of the U.S. Pacific Fleet-led initiative to extend the command and control functions of U.S. 3rd Fleet.
© REUTERS / KCNAIntercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM) Hwasong-14 is pictured during its second test-fire in this undated picture provided by KCNA in Pyongyang on July 29, 2017
Un tir d'essai du missile balistique intercontinental nord-coréen Hwasong-14 - Sputnik Afrique
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Intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM) Hwasong-14 is pictured during its second test-fire in this undated picture provided by KCNA in Pyongyang on July 29, 2017
© AFP 2023 Jung Yeon-JeA South Korean soldier walks past a television screen showing a graphic of the distance between North Korea and Guam at a railway station in Seoul on August 9, 2017. President Donald Trump issued an apocalyptic warning to North Korea on Tuesday, saying it faces "fire and fury" over its missile program, after US media reported Pyongyang has successfully miniaturized a nuclear warhead.
Un soldat sud-coréen passe devant un écran de télé avec une infographie montrant la distance entre la Corée du Nord et Guam, dans une gare à Séoul, le 9 août 2017 - Sputnik Afrique
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A South Korean soldier walks past a television screen showing a graphic of the distance between North Korea and Guam at a railway station in Seoul on August 9, 2017. President Donald Trump issued an apocalyptic warning to North Korea on Tuesday, saying it faces "fire and fury" over its missile program, after US media reported Pyongyang has successfully miniaturized a nuclear warhead.
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North Korean leader Kim Jong Un inspects the long-range strategic ballistic rocket Hwasong-12 (Mars-12) in this undated photo released by North Korea's Korean Central News Agency (KCNA) on May 15, 2017.
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The intercontinental ballistic missile Hwasong-14 is seen during its test launch in this undated photo released by North Korea's Korean Central News Agency (KCNA) in Pyongyang, July, 4 2017. KCNA/via REUTERS ATTENTION EDITORS - THIS IMAGE WAS PROVIDED BY A THIRD PARTY. REUTERS IS UNABLE TO INDEPENDENTLY VERIFY THIS IMAGE. NO THIRD PARTY SALES. SOUTH KOREA OUT.
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North Korean Leader Kim Jong Un signs the order to carry out the test-fire of inter-continental ballistic rocket Hwasong-14 in this undated photo released by North Korea's Korean Central News Agency (KCNA) in Pyongyang, July, 4 2017.
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US President Donald Trump speaking about North Korea at a meeting with administration officials on the opioid addiction crisis at the Trump National Golf Club in Bedminster, New Jersey.
President Donald Trump said on August 9, 2017 the United States' nuclear arsenal was now "more powerful than ever before" in a fresh warning to North Korea over its missile tests. "My first order as President was to renovate and modernize our nuclear arsenal. It is now far stronger and more powerful than ever before," Trump wrote on Twitter before adding that "hopefully we will never have to use this power."
5/7
The Arleigh Burke-class guided-missile destroyer USS Wayne E. Meyer transits the South China Sea on April 11, 2017. Wayne E. Meyer is on a scheduled western Pacific deployment with the Carl Vinson Carrier Strike Group as part of the U.S. Pacific Fleet-led initiative to extend the command and control functions of U.S. 3rd Fleet.
6/7
Intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM) Hwasong-14 is pictured during its second test-fire in this undated picture provided by KCNA in Pyongyang on July 29, 2017
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A South Korean soldier walks past a television screen showing a graphic of the distance between North Korea and Guam at a railway station in Seoul on August 9, 2017. President Donald Trump issued an apocalyptic warning to North Korea on Tuesday, saying it faces "fire and fury" over its missile program, after US media reported Pyongyang has successfully miniaturized a nuclear warhead.

Entre-temps, des systèmes de surveillance américains sont déployés dans la région, destinés, selon les déclarations de Washington, à traquer exclusivement les tirs nord-coréens, alors que des navires de la Marine américaine naviguaient depuis longtemps à proximité. Et malgré cela, c'est l'agence sud-coréenne Yonhap qui annonçait les 15 derniers lancements, se référant à des sources militaires. Quant au Pentagone, il n'a confirmé ces tirs que quelques heures plus tard.

Missiles nord-coréens: quelle menace? - Sputnik Afrique
Infographies
Missiles nord-coréens: quelle menace?
Malgré des lancements fréquents, il y a peu d'informations sur la ballistique des missiles nord-coréens de longue portée, on ignore de quelles ogives ils sont dotés, ni comment ils se déplacent sur l'éventuel trajet.

Selon le général-major russe Pavel Zolotarev, le système de missiles antibalistiques américain (THAAD), en service depuis 2008, est impuissant face aux missiles nord-coréens, puisque son but est de neutraliser des missiles chinois de portée intermédiaire.

«Si au moins un missile à tête nucléaire n'est pas neutralisé, on peut conclure que le système est compromis, car il est extrêmement difficile d'atteindre une efficacité de 100%. Dans le même temps, les États-Unis ne permettront en aucun cas ne serait-ce qu'une seule frappe nucléaire contre leur territoire.»

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